Your rights when police arrest or call you in: a citizen's guide
Updated 2026-10 · General information, not legal advice.
The Constitution and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 give every person some basic protections at the police station. Knowing them calmly helps you and your family act in time.
When to use this
- A family member has been taken to a police station
- You received a police notice to appear
- You want to know your rights before something happens
Step by step
- 1
Ask for the reason
A person arrested must be told the grounds of arrest. Ask politely and note the officer's name and the time.
- 2
Tell someone and ask for a lawyer
You can have a relative or friend informed, and you can consult an advocate. If you cannot afford one, free legal aid is available; see our NALSA page.
- 3
Know the 24-hour rule
A person arrested must be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, not counting travel time. Do not sign blank or unread papers.
- 4
If it is only a notice
For some offences police may give a notice to appear instead of arresting. Read it, appear on the date, and take an advocate if you can.
Key facts
- The 24-hour production before a magistrate is a constitutional protection
- You can ask for a lawyer from the start
- If police do not follow these rules, an advocate can act on it; do not argue at the station
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Download the one-page checklist (PDF) (opens in a new tab)
Share on WhatsApp (opens in a new tab)Common questions
Can police arrest without telling me why?
No. The grounds of arrest must be communicated.
Can I talk to a lawyer?
Yes. You can consult an advocate, and free legal aid is available if needed.
Is this legal advice?
No. It is general information. In an actual arrest, get an advocate.